India Online Stock Trading - Quick Returns From Indian Stock Exchange!

There are lot of strategies available to do online stock trading in through Indian stock exchanges. Some of the investors may go for long term investments i.e. they will invest in stocks for years and will forget it. Some of the traders will go for short term investments to generate more returns. Do stock market research and learn stock market using share market tutorial. It is the best time to invest in the Indian share markets and get good returns.

There are two exchanges available in India.

BSE - Bombay Stock Exchange:

It is the oldest exchange and most of the index heavy weight stocks are traded in this exchange. The BSE 30 includes the top 30 stocks by market capitalization and this represents the Indian Sensex.

NSE - National Stock Exchange:

This is an electronic exchange. The top 50 stocks called National 50 or "Nifty" represents the index of the next 50 stocks by market capitalization. This is located in Mumbai.

Day trading and short term investments are strategies that area available in Indian stock markets for getting quick returns, but it is more risky. There are lot of chances to burn your fingers and lose the money which you have invested. But if you are bit careful you can always win.

Read some of my tips to earn returns quickly through Indian stock exchange.

Day Trading Strategies in Indian Stock Markets:

Initially do not take much exposure in stocks beyond your capacity, even if the brokerages give you excess exposure limit. Some stocks in India like Reliance Natural Resources Limited might look very cheap so that you can take more exposure. But try to limit within your capacity.
Get tips from 2 or more brokerage houses and then analyze the tips before investing. Some of the reliable brokerage houses in India are ICICI Direct, Sharekhan and Motilal Oswal.
Before you buy the stocks or sell the stocks on day trading, check the opening position of the stocks through Indian stock market live charts.
If the opening is against the brokerage recommendations, then for heaven sake do not take positions.
Watch the prices in the share trading software continuously till you close the position. Some of the software that gives the live prices are available in ICICI Direct and Sharekhan.
if you feel the stocks breaches the stop loss price, then immediately close the position.

Short term Investments in Indian Shares:

This is another type of investment where you can buy stocks and keep it for one or two months and then exit once the price reaches the target. Target some mid cap stocks like Power Grid Corporation and other banking stocks like State Bank of India, ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank.
Stock market education is essential to do clear analysis and invest. Investor learning sessions are conducted by leading brokerage houses like ICICI direct and Sharekhan.
This is less risky when compared to day trading.

Online stock market trading is the most efficient way to do trading in this modern world. You can get more details in the website Indian online stock trading.
They also provide research reports for other financial products like investing in mutual funds.
Balajee Kannan

Stock Exchange Information - Role of the Stock Exchange

Of the stock exchange information in the market, not everyone understands or appreciates the role stock exchanges play in macro economies. The public however, is quick to blame, and maybe rightfully so, Wall Street for the economic slump. This stock exchange information sheet highlights some of the crucial roles of stock exchanges in national economies all over the world.

Raise capital. For businesses wanting to expand to serve their markets better, the stock exchange provides the facility for companies to acquire funds from the general public through selling their debt and equity securities to investors.

o Mobilize idle savings. When people move their savings from safe, a relatively risk-free savings account with banks into financial markets, these funds are redirected for use in the general economic activity of the country and benefits various sectors.

o Create excellent investment opportunities for small investors. As in the case of the forex market where investors can begin trading with a $1,000 deposit with the Forex Autopilot System, the stock exchange is where both large and small investors can buy a chunk of the same brand of meat. Small investors can buy the number of shares they can afford.

o Facilitate company growth. Companies with large amounts of cash without sizeable operating needs for these funds normally look to invest these excess funds in another company. Acquisitions are opportunities, from management standpoint. Mergers and consolidations are opportunities to offer more products or services to a wider customer base.

Understanding how the stock exchange works, what it does and where to get sound stock exchange information is important even for the simply curious. What happens in a stock exchange directly affects everyone as it defines the purchasing power of your money. How much is your dollar worth today?

Bryce Carrey is the director of popular blog FXOnlineTradingCentral.Com. He is a Forex trader and his blog provides stacks of information on things like listed stock exchange and much more. Get free tips when you visit his site today!

Stock Exchange Guide - Everything You Need to Know

Young people are becoming more ambitious nowadays. With the onset of new technology and higher living standards, the younger generation is now also thinking about investing in the stock exchange market. Likewise, older men are venturing into stock exchange as preparation for retirement.

What is the stock exchange?

The exchange is where stocks and securities are being traded among traders and stock brokers. There used to be a specific location where investment records are kept and trade was done. However nowadays, trade can already be done through electronic technology which saves more time and fees for transactions.

Unlike common markets where money and commodities are exchanged, the exchange includes other fiscal products and security deals like company shares, fiscal bonds, unit trusts, stocks, contracts and derivatives to name some.

What is the stock exchange procedure?

Before any stock or security can be traded, it has to be listed in the index first. After that, a new stock or security will be issued in the primary market. The system used to sell new issues is called underwriting and the selling of the new issues is called as the Initial Public Offering (IPO).

All new issues go through initial selling in the primary market. After which it goes to the secondary market. Buying and selling of stocks and other financial products happens in the secondary market.

What are the advantages of stock exchange?

The stock exchange is more vital to the businessmen owning companies and corporations. Opening a company for public investment allows more capital to go in the company in order to allow expansions and other improvements. Expansions could go from new products, put up branches in more locations or venture into other line of business that might widen the range of business. When business become profitable stock investors may be able to earn from capital gains, how much still depends on stock prices and dividends.

Stock exchange is also advantageous to small investors as they could invest in already big companies. Small investors can start with as little as they can and eventually, with more expertise in trade, go up the ladder to becoming a huge investor in big corporations.

How to get listed in the exchange?

Stock exchanges have different listing requirements. There must be a minimum number and cost of shares. Capital and/or company's profit for a certain number of years is also required. An example is for the New York Stock Exchange: A company must issue a million shares of stock worth $100 million at least and must have a profit of more than $10 million for the last three years.

How to manage investments?

Managing investments is not an easy job. Thorough research on the movement of market trends should be done. Buying and selling strategies are also employed as well as timing is crucial. There is no one way to manage investments in the stock exchange. It will largely depend on several types of accounts and personal goals. It is recommended to ask for advice from stock brokers especially those who are quite beginners in investing. Not to say that experts do not need advice. It is vital to understand that wise decision-making is needed in investments in order to gain more profit than losses.

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Stock Exchange - Everyday Trading On The Stock Exchange

The stock markets are pretty unpredictable. One minute you could be excited and encouraged thanks to the fact that the stocks you invested in are booming, and the next you could be broken because the bull run reversed and the stock fell even lower than it started.

Obviously, a profit or a loss is calculated by comparing the prices of purchase and sales of the stocks.

Stock exchange trades usually are done in the day. This is because of the assumption that it is during the day, that most of the big companies around the world normally conduct business transactions.

As the saying goes, a work day cant ever be too long for stock trades. It is a common feeling that a work day is too short to negotiate all trades you wished to.

Stock trade transactions

Prior to the purchase and sale of stocks,one is expected to do some homework, meaning do some background checks on the companies you are planning to invest into.

The choice is solely yours, where you put your money in, or if you take out investment from a particular stock. Make sure you have a well thought out decision because your profits of commercial transactions will be based on this.

When you buy securities, you should inform your brokerage partner on your intention and the amount you would like to buy, on whatever stock.

Make sure you have all adequate information on your choice of stock. What good would it do to invest in a company on the edge of bankruptcy?.

Your money would soon disappear with the company's losses.

Evolution

In a time span of over 4 centuries, trading has gradually evolved to be a safer and better tool for investment.

Within this short period, the stock markets of Commerce have emerged as the largest and most widely used investment strategy in the world, across every market, from the third world to the American economy.

Any country's average economic performance is today judged and evaluated on the basis of how its local stock market trading or exchange is doing. This system of research in the economy should proliferate and spread over time.

Every day, as mentioned earlier, brings fresh threats and promises of new markets for stocks on the Exchange. Trading is not similar to trading the previous day.

Every day is just as promising and just as risk prone as the other day in the stock market. But one thing is certain, when you face a terrible day, you still have the hope that tomorrow will bring success.

This is one of the beauties of the rapid and happening stock trades exchange. Go ahead, try your own hand at it.

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Are You Interested to Learn How to Play the Stock Exchange Online?

Do you want to know how to play the stock exchange online? There are various ways with the help of which you can earn money these days. You just need to choose the right option for you. Due to the popularity of the internet the options have increased.

Lots of people have access to the internet these days and with the help of the internet they are trying to make some extra money so that they can live a luxurious life. Previously people used to trade stocks in the stock market manually. But these days everything is possible with the help of a click.

It has become so easy to trade just by sitting at home. But there are certain things which you need to follow if you want to know how to play the stock exchange online. If you are not careful in the stock market then you might even lose a lot of money.

So you need to make sure you understand everything about the stock market before you start trading. You must also remember that the stock market is one of the most competitive places where you can make lots of money if you can trade in the right manner.

Trading in a stock market is just like a game that you play which you must take very seriously. If you are investing in the stock exchange then you must look forward to a great profit. For this you need to work hard. You must know how to play the stock exchange online. You need to follow the market very carefully. There are various benefits of online stock exchange. You can get different types of benefits from different sources. Two most important things which you need to provide are time as well as effort.

Stock exchange also requires some more skills. You must have a great idea of the time of buying or selling the stocks.

If you can learn all these things then you will surely win in the stock market. Now you might have a better idea about how to play the stock exchange online.

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Trading on the New York Stock Exchange

In terms of how much money is traded at any given day, the New York Stock Exchange is considered the largest exchange market in the world. It is also regarded as the leader in the equities market in terms of technology and investments coming in from all corners of the globe. Every day, the New York Stock Exchange is where the biggest companies buy and sell billions of dollars worth of shares.

The New York Stock Exchange consists of member-brokers who take on the trading of stocks (buying and selling) for clients, which are financially large companies based in different parts of the world. Combined, the value of companies that trade on the New York Stock Exchange is estimated at nearly four trillion dollars. Members of the New York Stock Exchange buy and sell millions of dollars worth of stock for their clients every single day.

Through the New York Stock Exchange, companies sell their stocks to the public in an effort to raise money to use in their business operations. For instance, big corporations like Sony or Coca-Cola sell stocks on the New York Stock Exchange to the public. Those who buy stocks from these large corporations become stock owners of the companies. US-based corporations are not the only ones that can sell stocks on the New York Stock Exchange. Currently, there are about 2,800 companies located from all over the world listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

Those who shares of large corporations are in part owners of those corporations and as such, these corporations must regard the shareholders as if they own a large portion of their stocks. The New York Stock Exchange requires all companies trading stock to provide their shareholders with complete financial reports the way they do their Chairman of the Board. You can find out more about stock trading at http://www.learningtotradestock.com

To safeguard the interest of investors, the New York Stock Exchange has regulations in place to monitor the activities of member-brokers. A seat in the New York Stock Exchange can cost a few million dollars.

Here are a few facts all about the New York Stock Exchange that you may find interesting:

* The Bank of New York was the first company that was listed with the New York Stock Exchange. The bank bought and sold stocks in 1792 beneath the Buttonwood Tree.

* Con Edison, which traded as the New York Gas Light Company in 1824, holds the record for the longest company listed in the New York Stock Exchange.

* In 1878, the New York Stock Exchange installed it first telephone. Five years later, in 1883, electric lights were installed.

If you are interested in investing on the New York Stock Exchange, you must get in touch with one of the member firms or one of the member firm's brokers. Before entrusting your money to a member firm or a broker in a member firm, ensure that they have the necessary licenses to trade at the New York Stock Exchange.

Article by Dean Forster at http://www.learningtotradestock.com

Learn more about the stock market and making a profit trading stocks and shares at Trade Stock

AMEX - The Third Stock Exchange

American Stock Exchange directors Alan Quasha, Philip Frost and others hit on investment option that the individual investor should consider: The Exchange-Traded Fund that combines the best of two worlds.

Many of us are familiar with the two major U.S. exchanges, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ), for very obvious reasons. The NYSE is the exchange with the largest dollar volume in the world - the combined capitalization of all its listed companies was over $30.5 trillion (as of 31/12/07) - and its almost 4,000 listed companies make it one of the three stock exchanges with the highest number of listed companies. The NASDAQ has more trading volume per day than any other exchange in the world, and with its over 3,900 listed companies it competes with the NYSE for the second highest number of listings (the Bombay Exchange has over 4,700 listings making it the stock exchange with the most listings, yet it has a combined capitalization of less than $2 trillion).

The third largest U.S. exchange with over 850 equity listings is the American Stock Exchange, and while it may seem to pale in comparison to the NYSE and NASDAQ it has many positive attributes that set it above its larger brothers. The Amex has much more liberal policies when it comes to the listing requirements, and this makes it much easier for small and medium sized companies to list. However, there is another aspect that makes it attractive to the small investor - and it is here that its uniqueness and innovation is expressed.

In 1993 the Amex gave birth to a new investment instrument called the Exchange Traded Fund (EFT). In conjunction with State Street Global Advisors, the first exchange-traded fund (ETF) was launched with the introduction of the S&P 500 index fund (SPDR - colloquially termed "spiders"), which was linked to the S&P 500 Index. Since then, ETFs have flourished across all the markets, yet the Amex remains the home and breeding ground of the majority of ETFs. The flurry of activity following the introduction of the SPDR gave rise to many ETFs, many of them index-linked, and the years immediately following the SPDR's burst onto the investment stage coincided with the tenure of governors Alan Quasha and Philip Frost, who together with the other leadership nurtured the ETF revolution.

To understand what an ETF is, and also to appreciate its advantages over other investment strategies, requires a basic knowledge of some of the classic investment options available to the private investor. The ETF is in reality a mutual fund that benefits from the advantages of a fund, yet it acts as a regular bond or stock, and thus incorporates the advantages of a stock, thereby eliminating the limitations of the mutual fund. (Many mutual funds - and in turn, ETFs - are linked to indices, which means the funds mimic the successful diverse combination of investments that comprise an index.)

A mutual fund is a collective investment fund which incorporates a basket of shares of listings across the market and it is seen as one of the most solid forms of investment. This is due to its management by professional managers, but primarily due to the fact that it comprises a diverse portfolio covering many spheres of the market, and thus it is less vulnerable to sectorial fluctuations. Not only does it offer the small investor this cross-market diversity, but he is able to invest in numerous and high quality companies that would require funds far beyond the financial abilities of private individuals. (Of course the exact solidity and yield of the mutual fund depend on the declared aims and scope of each mutual fund.)

Regular stocks and bonds are the most basic commodities of a market. They are the shares that offer the public ownership in part of the listed company. Unlike shares in a mutual fund that may only be traded at their closing price at the end of the trading day, classic stocks may be traded at any moment, and the price fluctuations during the day can be utilized by investors in speculative activities. Thus the most fluid, dynamic and flexible investment on the exchange is the regular stock.

The exchange-traded fund combines the strongest aspects of mutual funds and regular stocks in offering the solidity and diversity of the mutual fund, together with its increased funds and professional management, and also incorporating the fluidity and dynamism of the stock, allowing all the investment activities and real time behavior of the stock. Additional benefits include lower management expenses, as regular brokerage fees apply, tax incentives expressed by lower rates, and the short-term capabilities of the stock. In effect, while investment in a mutual fund resembles an investment across the market, the ETF allows one to trade in numerous stocks across the entire market as if they were one.

With the many benefits of the ETFs, it is no surprise that this market has grown include hundreds of ETFs within only a few years. The Amex remains the fertile ground for the majority of ETFs, and this will continue due to its experience and flexible constitution. This fast growing investment option is estimated to surpass a capitalization of $1 trillion by 2010, and it is certainly one of the prime investment instruments that the individual investor must consider.

Lawrence Pohl is a freelancer who often writes about American culture and financial matters.

Mr. Pohl's current research deals with Alan Quasha and Philip Frost, who together with the Amex leadership nurtured the ETF revolution.

Alan Quasha, Philip Frost and others hit on an investment option that the individual investor should consider: The Exchange-Traded Fund that combines the best of two worlds.

The Changing Face of the American Stock Exchange in the Worldwide Fiscal Markets

American Stock Exchange is now the 3rd largest exchange market in the United States. beneath the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ, and encompasses around ten percent of all U.S.A's trades. The American Stock Exchange lists diverse organizations from divergent industries. However, the exchange is well-known as carrying the lightest company listing requisites with the three top American stock market exchanges, which affords many little groups the opportunity to move into the stock market exchange. Once, a leading challenger to the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange is now in general recognized for dealing in options, exchange traded funds, and small cap stocks. The exchange market is controlled by the National Assoc. of Securities Dealers (N.A.S.D.), but operated as a detached stock market exchange to the NASDAQ.

The fundamental function of a stock exchange, is to supply sellers a place to sell their firms holding. Stock holdings become accessible on the exchanges once a firm conducts its introductory public offering (IPO). In an IPO, a firm deals shares to an established set of public share holders (the primary market). Afterwards the IPO floats shares into the hands of public share holders, these stocks may be sold and bought on the exchange (secondary market). The exchange tracks the run of transactions for each share, and this flux of supply and demand sets the stock price. Reliant on the kind of brokerage firm account you have, you might be able to view this flow of pricing implement.

The AMEX originated as a substitute to the New York Stock Exchange. It started when stock brokers started gathering on the curb outside the N.Y.S.E. in order to deal shares that could not fit the Big Board's stringent listing requirements, but nowadays AMEX has got its own trading floor. Back in 1998, the parent company of the NASDAQ purchased the A.M.E.X. and blended their marketplaces, even though both happy to run separately. The exchange was purchased by N.Y.S.E Euronext in 2008, allied with AlterNext European small-cap exchange, renaming it N.Y.S.E. AlterNext US also familiarized as the Curb.

Today, market exchanges function throughout the world, and have become strongly regulated institutions. Prospectors aiming to purchase and sell stock shares must do so via a stock broker, who a position on the stock exchange. Organizations with shares stocks traded on the exchange are are regarded as listed and and need to fulfill specified standards, which differs with each of the exchanges. Almost all the stock exchange markets started out as floor exchanges, where dealers made deals in-person. The leading exchange in the world, the NYSE, still operates this way, but almost all of the international stock exchanges have now become entirely electronic.

The American Stock Exchange options marketplace is one of the planet's biggest, with more than 1700 options sold, US Depository Receipts, indexes, exchange traded funds, and HOLDRS. In addition, the AMEX has an enormous market place for Exchange Traded Funds as they became the ground breakers in this arena. The AMEX features a listing of 140+ ETF's on standard stock exchanges, industries and corporate bond Indexes. AMEX also create stock market indices, such as Intellidexes, who set about to gain alpha by formulating indices weighted on fundamental factors.

Stock marketplaces are intriguing developments for a number of reasons, and business investors nowadays are increasingly seeing the exchange markets as a mode to extend their investment strategy. While some have opted to stay away from the shares trade, quoting disheveled fractures from bull markets to bear markets, others have elected to take on the perils. Which ever way individuals might believe of the securities market, the wide power of stock holdings on the transnational economic system is indisputable. Just view the overall terror as the Dow Jones suffers 100's of points in any lone trading day. Or study the global response if there is a stock market downswing.

If you want to understand the stock exchange basics, you are probably better to view exchanges, such as the AMEX as auction off rooms. By doing this, you should find it easier to interpret the world-wide economy.

What is Stock Exchange?

You often hear of that term but don't really understand what is stock exchange. But if you trade intangibles like stocks, other securities or currencies, this is where you get your millions - or lose them.

A stock exchange is an organization, usually a corporation, that brings together stock brokers and traders by giving them facilities to carry out trading of stocks, other securities and other financial instruments. Does that sound so abstract? For a clearer picture of what is stock exchange, think of a market building and what you see inside. You see sections. Each section's facilities define whom it caters to. The fresh meat and fresh fish sections have large freezers for storing raw meat; the produce section has coolers and display cases; the dry goods section has stock shelves for displaying items. People come to this place to buy and sell food items. A stock exchange is basically that. Although its sections, called markets, are not trading physically transferable goods and the markets per se are essentially not physically present within the building, a stock exchange is a virtual marketplace where sellers (issuing corporations or organizations) and buyers (traders) do their business.

But unlike ordinary marketplace, the prominent persons in a stock exchange are middlemen called stock brokers. They are regulated professionals who do the buying and selling of securities on behalf of investors. More often than not, stock brokers play the role of investment advisors to their clients. If you don't understand what is stock exchange and how it works but would like to put your money where it gives you more than a regular savings account would, you'd want to go to a stock broker. But can you eliminate the stock broker from the picture? Find out more about stock exchanges and stock brokers with Forex Tracer, an automated investment advisor that works much like a real live one does.

Bryce Carrey is a Forex trader and the director of popular blog FXOnlineTradingCentral.Com. He provides honest information and advice on things like forex foreign currency and more. Check out his blog for more info!

Stock Exchange Symbols - Secrets About Stock Symbols

Which Exchange Is My Stock On?

Nowadays, stock exchange symbols (based on they're length) can't even tell you which stock market a stock is traded on. Sorry. It would be kinda cool if you could though, right? But why do I even bring it up?

Because not too long ago, you could. In fact this only recently changed (a few years ago) in 1997. So, before 1997, you were actually able to tell if a stock was on the NYSE. The NYSE was the first stock exchange and because of this, the first companies were listed on this exchange. These tickers all consisted of one or two letters.

After the NYSE came the AMEX. Companies were now awarded three letter stock exchange symbols. These stocks were placed on the AMEX (American Stock Exchange) or the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). So every company (pre 1997) with a three letter symbol was traded on either the AMEX or the NYSE.

Lets not forget the NASDAQ (National Association Of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations). At the time, any stock symbol with more than three letters was traded on this exchange. So what happened?

Well a law was passed where companies could change which exchange they traded on. However, we didn't just wake up one day and everything was different. In fact, it was a...

Slow Change

The first restriction that was lifted allowed stock exchange symbols with three letters that were on the NYSE, to move to the NASDAQ and keep the same symbol. Of course, policy loosened and pretty soon more companies were free to move about from exchange to exchange.

Now, companies can move from the NASDAQ to the NYSE regardless of how long they're symbol is. As you know, the NYSE is the most prestigious of all the exchanges. So, obviously they don't mind if a few companies leave. So, with all this moving around, the NASDAQ now hosts companies with symbols ranging from one to five letters.

The Reason For Longer Tickers

Many stock exchange symbols have one to four letters. However, you do see a few with five letters. Why exactly is this? The fifth letter represents something about they're company. It gives you a little bit of insider information.

Even though with many stocks now a days you cant tell which market they trade on, with five letter stocks, you can. If there is a period before the last letter (or the last two letters), it is on the NYSE and if there is no period, it is on the NASDAQ.

You can also see four letter stock symbols with a dot near the end. The preceding letter still means the same thing. So, what exactly does the extra symbol stand for?

As you may have guessed, there are many different things it could stand for. For example, "X" stands for "Mutual Fund", "F" stands for "Foreign", and "E" stands for "Delinquent With The Sec".

Ezra Salken is the editor of http://www.successful-stock-trading.com/, the successful stock trading guide. For the top 7 things you should know before you start stock trading, check out http://www.successful-stock-trading.com/stock-market-for-beginners.html - Copyright: you may freely republish this article, provided the text, author credit, the active links and this copyright notice remain intact.

Making Thousands On The New York Stock Exchange

Once you have decided to begin trading in the New York Stock Exchange, there is a bewildering variety of information and advice out there that will guarantee to put you on the way to success. A lot of the New York Stock Exchange advice is good, and some of it isn't. So where do you start this difficult task? Here is a broad outline of what I consider some of the ground rules you need to cover to begin trading successfully in the New York Stock Exchange. As you progress in your trading using the New York Stock Exchange, it makes sense to learn more about specific parts of trading, but everyone needs to start somewhere.

I'd start with defining your portfolio objectives. These objectives will have a great impact on your style of trading in the New York Stock Exchange. Ask yourself a few questions, such as these, to find your objectives.

* Do you want to trade part-time or full-time?

* How much money do you have to work with?

* What annual rate of return do you want?

* Are you creating a trading system using the New York Stock Exchange for cash flow or capital growth?

Once you've set your objectives, you should select a certain stocks to trade with in the New York Stock Exchange. It's a good idea to avoid the tendency to trade any and all stocks. Many traders fall into the trap of thinking that the more stocks they trade on the New York Stock Exchange, the more money they will make. Unfortunately, this is not true. You need to master and learn about the characteristics of certain stocks that you will consistently trade with in the New York Stock Exchange. Did you know that some of the most successful stock traders only trade using certain stocks? This fact is the key to making real money.

With your objectives and the certain stocks picks you have in mind, the time has come to design your trading plan - your set defined rules you'll use while trading into the New York Stock Exchange. A well-thought-out trading plan defines your approach to trading in the New York Stock Exchange. Also, a properly constructed trading system for entering and exiting the New York Stock Exchange, leaves no room for human judgment. It should be able to respond to any set of circumstances that arise with clear actions.

The importance of this kind of trading plan - your set defined rules for tradng in the New York Stock Exchange, cannot be overstated. Without a consistent set of guiding principles to govern their trading decisions in the New York Stock Exchange, most traders hop from one trade to the next, driven by emotion or hysteria. When you don't have a plan, you plan to fail.

Try and keep your system simple. Many traders complicate their trading systems with out even trying. They accomplished this by over-optimizing. So many indicators are added to their system that it becomes nearly impossible to trade. Instead, keep your system as simple as possible. This way, it is robust enough to trade across many market conditions.

Once you've designed your system follow it perfectly. This requires a great deal of self-disciple, but bear in mind that your will be rewarded with success. Either undisciplined behaviour or ignorance will be punished by the market in the end, coming by way of direct losses or by the loss of profits, you could have made. However, the market is complex, and does not always act as you might expect. There is a principle of random reinforcement that you might encounter. The New York Stock Exchange has a tendency to reward bad behaviour from time to time. This tendency is one of the reasons why it often takes so long to learn how to trade. Keep these principles in mind so that you will not be surprised, but remember there is no point in having a system if you are not going to follow it.

When you are ready to trade, in the New York Stock Exchange, start small. Give your confidence time to grow, and give yourself time learn the intricacies of your system, and your stock picks. There is always a learning curve when you begin trading in the New York Stock Exchange. It makes sense to take the time to learn the ins and outs of the New York Stock Exchange before you start adding more positions.

Now that you've started trading, in the New York Stock Exchange, I have one last, crucial piece of advice for you. Follow this rule when you're trading in the New York Stock Exchange. Despite the fact, everyone knows the old adage of "cut losses short and let profits run"; many traders fail to do this. Have strategies built into your system to ensure that these rules are followed. Adages only become old when they have proven to be effective.

I could go into much more detail on many of these points, but this is only a broad overview of the steps you need to take when you begin trading in the New York Stock Exchange. With commitment, discipline, and careful consideration, soon you will be well on your way to being a successful New York Stock Exchange trader.

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Top 8 Reasons Why You Should List Your Company in the Stock Exchange

Listing or Stock Exchange Listing, as many people call it, is the process of making a transition from a private organization to a publicly-owned entity wherein all or some shares of the company can be traded in the stock exchange. The ability to have the company's shares traded in the stock exchange is fundamental to an organization's decision to have the company listed.

Essentially, stock exchange brings the capital providers and the organizations that require capital, together in one marketplace. The stock exchange undertakes this simple yet effective role in many countries and as such, acts as a hub at the core of many countries' economy. Capital providers earn a Return on Investments (ROI) through capital growth and dividends, thereby increasing the country's overall wealth. Likewise, the organizations in which the capital providers invest offer and provide employment, thereby driving the company's economic development. These are just two benefits of having a company listed in the stock exchange but on a more personal side, there are 8 reasons why you should list your company in the stock exchange. Read through and find out what these 8 reasons are:

o Capital Growth

Stock Exchange listing provides opportunities to both the investor and the listing company. The listed company finds a great opportunity to increase its primary capital for market's organic growth and acquisition funding. On the other hand, the investors investing on the listed company can easily grow their savings through dividends and share price fluctuations.

o Corporate Profile Elevation

Stock Exchange Listing generally raises the public profile of the organization with their customers, investors, suppliers and media. Companies listed in the stock exchange usually become a part of analyst reports and are usually included in the index.

o Improvement in the Company Valuation

Generating an independent valuation becomes possible when a company is listed in the Stock Exchange.

o Institutional Investment

It is easier for an organization to attract institutional investors or other companies who wish to invest on other companies. This simply means availability of both expertise and capital.

o Trading Platform

Many stock exchange companies offer an ideal trading platform for the company's shares. These companies also give their shareholders a great opportunity to realize the value of their shareholdings, which eventually, can help the company expand its shareholder base.

o Alignment of management/employee interests

The process of compensating the company executives, directors and employees with shares becomes simple, making it easier and more flexible to align the company employees' interests with the goals and objectives of the organization.

o Reassurance of Suppliers and Customers

The organizations listed in the Stock Exchange generally find improvement in their business and financial strength.

o Exit Strategy for Investors

Stock Exchange listing provides the founders and investors of the company a mechanism to easily exit their investments.

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Athens Stock Exchange and It's European Positioning

Before 2007, the ATHEX was located in Psiris, Sofocleous Street, nearly on the city of Athens. Because of this, the stock exchange and Sofocleous Street became recognised as one. Now it's 110 Athinon Street also called Kavalas St.

A stock exchange doesn't possess shares. Instead, it joins buyers to sellers. Every public stock barters on a stock exchange. Although you'll probably trade stocks directly via a stock broker, it is key to understand the union with exchanges and businesses and the ways in which the necessities of various exchanges render protection to investors.

The Athens Exchange Index represents two indices. The ATHEX Main Market Composite Index is a comprehensive index which contains the 60 most highly capitalized company shares of the Athens market and indicates market trends. The ATHEX Main Market Composite Total Return Index computes the total performance of their Composite Index.

In modern-day times, stock exchanges trade throughout the world, and they have become extremely regulated institutions. Investors intending to purchase and unload stock shares are required to do so indirectly through a stock broker, who pays to own a position at the stock exchange marketplace. Organizations with stock shares traded on the exchange are are viewed as 'listed' and and need to conform to specified criteria, which varies across exchanges. Most market exchanges started as floor exchange markets, whereby business traders made deals in-person. The biggest exchange universally, the New York Exchange, still functions this way, but most of the international exchanges have now become fully electronic.

The Athens Exchange trading hours are determined between 1000am - 1630pm with a 30 min. pre-opening period and a fifteen minutes post closing time period. ASE members, generally speaking broker firms which have acquired the nod from the Directorate of the ASE, are able to deal in the stock exchange market. All transactions are in monetary currency, and are traded on the exchanges.

Our account of stock exchanges is dated back to twelfth century France, when the first brokerages are thought to have devised, credit trade and governance securities. Informal stock market places survived throughout Europe in the 17th century, where brokers would get together out-of-doors or in coffee establishments to fix trade. The Amsterdam Exchange created in 1602 became the first ever authoritative stock exchange market once it begun dealing with shares of the Dutch East India Company. Those dealings were the 1st company shares ever released.

With Greece being a fully fledged member of the E.U., with the introduction of the Euro currency and with agreements made by the Greek parliament in 2007, the Athens Exchange is tightly tied into the European stock market. It's the primary stock market in Greece dealing stocks and bond certificates via a fully computerized system called O.A.S.I.S.. Computed screened based futures and options trading is conducted on indices, options and futures, The Euro Dollar future exchange rate plus the ten year Hellenic Republic Bond done through the Athens Derivatives marketplace.

To interpret the basics of the stock exchange, it is plausibly less complicated to look at the Athens Exchange and other stock markets as auction establishments. Only then will you appreciate the inner workings of the stock exchange markets.

Stock Exchange Share Prices - A Beginner's Guide

Stock exchange share prices tell us the value of a share at any point in time. When the stock exchange is open, these prices are in constant flux as a result of changing demand and supply pressures from market participants.

The different Stock Exchange Share Prices.

Typically, the stock exchange quotes three prices for any stock: the bid price, the mid price, and the offer price. These prices reflect the prices at which market participants are prepared to either buy or sell a share.

The bid is the highest price that a market participant is prepared to pay for a share. The offer price on the other hand is the lowest price at which a market participant is prepared to sell a share at. The offer price is also known as the ask price. This means that in normal situations the ask price should be higher than the offer price.

When you subtract the offer price from the bid price, the difference is called the bid-ask spread. The average price of the bid price and ask price is the mid price.

On rare and abnormal situations, you can have inverted stock exchange share prices. This happens when the quoted bid price is lower than the quoted offer price. This phenomenon is known as backwardation. Incidentally, backwardation has a completely different meaning in the futures market, so don't confuse the two.

What do Stock Exchange Share Prices mean to an Investor?

When you are buying a share, your broker will normally quote you the bid and ask prices. However, when you see a price quoted on a ticker or on a web site, it is more likely to be the mid price.

It is important to know what prices you are dealing with, because the Stock Exchange Share Prices determine what price you will have to pay for a stock when you want to buy it, or what price you will receive for it if you want to sell it. The bid price is the price you will have to pay to buy the stock, while the offer price is the price you receive when you sell it.

This means that as soon as you buy a stock, and decide to sell it a second later, if the share price has not changed, you will have to sell at a loss. Your loss will be equal to the bid-ask spread. The bid-ask spread is also known as slippage, and is the market makers commission for buying and selling a share.

Less liquid shares tend to have higher spreads (as a percentage of the share price) than more liquid shares. Penny shares are also notorious for having wider than average spreads.

Example of Stock Exchange Prices

Let us consider the hypothetical case of Stock XYZ which is quoted at $32.54 - $32.58.

The bid price is $32.58, while the offer price is $32.54. The mid price is the average of the two, which is $32.56, and the bid-ask spread is $0.04 (4 cents). The spread is a reasonable 0.13% of the share price. Expect wider spreads for less liquid stocks, as well as penny shares.

This means that if you were an investor who wanted to buy Stock XYZ, you would have to pay $32.58 for each share of the stock. If on the other hand, you already owned shares in Stock XYZ and wanted to sell them, you would only receive $32.54.

Understanding stock exchange share prices is one of the very first things a new investor needs to get to grips with. It is an essential prerequisite for successful investing, and fortunately not a difficult one.

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Colombo Stock Exchange - An Overview

The main stock exchange in Sri Lanka is Colombo Stock Exchange. The exchange is known for it's fully automatic trading platform. CSE is continuously contributing to national wealth by creating value through national securities.

The head office of Colombo Stock Exchange is located in the building of World Trade center Towers, Which is situated in Colombo. It was started in the year 1995. The branches CSE are spread ed all over the country. You can find the branches at Negombo, Kurunegala, Matara and Kandy. As it was recorded on 31 December 2007, The Colombo stock exchange has listed 235 companies.

Share trading in Sri Lanka started in the year 1896. The trading was started by Colombo brokers association. In the beginning the trading was commenced in Limited liability companies. These companies were involved in opening tea plantations in Sri Lanka.

The formal stock exchange inaugurated in the year 1985. In this year Colombo stock exchange took over the market from Colombo brokers association.

Currently the companies listed in the CSE represent 20 business sectors. These companies market the capitalization of $7.2 billion. The capital marketed by the stock exchange is approximately 25% of the GDP of the country.

Let`s have a look at the two in dices of CSE. They are as follows.

1. All Share Price Index

2. Milanka Price Index

The pre-market session of the exchange runs from 9 AM to 9.30 AM and the normal trading session runs from 9.30 AM to 2.30 PM.

Let`s talk bout the technology of the Colombo Stock Exchange. The exchange was partially automated in the year 1991. The share transaction was made easy by the installation of an electric clearing & settlement system and a central depository. The exchange was completely automated in the year 1997 with the installation of ATS which stands for Automatic Trading System. With the installation of ATS the transparency of trading significantly increased. CSE is planning to introduce a debt securities trading system which will be used for trading of fixed income securities.

The three main systems operated by CSE are as follows.

1. Central Depository System

2. Automated Trading System

3. Debt Securities Trading System

CSE is one of the members of World Federation of Exchange. Colombo stock exchange was elected as a member of this federation in the year 1998. It was the first exchange from the south east Asia region to obtain the membership of WFE.

In the year 2000 CSE became the founder member of SAFE which stands for South Asian Federation of Exchanges. The current chairman position of SAFE is occupied by CSE. SAFE consists 17 exchanges from 6 different countries. CSE is continuously striving to encourage the cooperation among the members of SAFE so that individual markets of the members can attain a new level.

There are many new companies which has started listing in the CSE after the cease fire agreement signed by the Sri Lankan government. This agreement brought an end to a 20 year old civil war.

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New York Stock Exchange - An Overview

New York Stock Exchange is one of the biggest stock exchanges in the World. As per US dollar value this exchange is the largest in the World. This exchange is located at Wall Street of New York City. This exchange is considered the most liquid exchange group that operates the World's leading financial markets thereby providing the platform for world class companies to trade and raise the capital to drive the world's economy.

In the year 2007 NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) adopted a full fledged electronic platform to trade stocks. This platform was come into being by the merger of electronic stock exchange Euronext (combined European stock exchange). This exchange then operates as NYSE Euronext. The history of origin of New York Stock Exchange is quite interesting. It goes back to the year 1792 when an agreement name "Buttonwood" was signed by 24 stock brokers under the buttonwood tree on the Wall Street. On March 8, 1817, this group announced the formation of New York Stock and Exchange Board. Then in the year 1863 this organization was renamed to its present name "New York Stock Exchange"

The NYSE Euronext is the first transatlantic stock exchange. Marsh Carter is the current Chairman of this exchange. This exchange has grown so big after fighting various obstacles that came in its way of operations. For instance NYSE was closed immediately after the First World War but was reopened to help the efforts of war. It was crashed drastically in the year 1929 and has a major role in the Great Depression of 1929.

The New York Stock Exchange is sometimes also called as the "big Board". The trading style of this exchange is somewhat like the traditional auctions. Each enlisted member company of this exchange acts as the auctioneer on behalf of the company. Buyers and sellers of stocks come together and trade with auction. This process of auctioning of stocks create an efficient price of the stock that benefits the both buyers and the sellers.

After the NASDAQ, the New York Stock Exchange is the second largest exchange in the world in terms of the companies enlisted with them. NYSE Euronext is one of the leading exchanges that offer future and option trading venues. It has services for businesses such as derivatives on commodities, currencies, equities, bonds, interest rates, indices and swaps. The division of this exchange, NYSE Arca Options is an electronic trading platform for equity options that offers innovative functionality with competitive pricing.

The effects of current recession have also affected the NYSE. Recently it has announced its second loss in the last three quarters. The share of NYSE was drooped to 71 percent in 2008 but has improved due to its aggressive cost cutting. This process has stabilized NYSE up to a good extent. The profit margins of NYSE are also diminishing presently since the close competitors exchanges have lowered their profit margins to boost up trade to fight back recession. The in house competition has crashed the market share of NYSE in its own Big Board listings from 81 percent five years ago to only 39 percent in the second quarter of 2009.

New York Stock Exchange is the World's leading stock exchange. The exchange uses electronic platform for trading. This exchange came into existence from year 1792.

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Stock Exchanges - An Introduction

As a new entrant into the stock market you will keep hearing about the terms NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ and more of the international ones nowadays like HangSeng or the LSE or even the Luxembourg stock exchange .

These are stock exchanges where the exchange of stocks takes place between the buyers and the sellers. In effect these are the actual stock markets but the term stock market is used in a broader term to signify the overall stock holdings, indices, exchanges and everything else related to stocks.

New York Stock Exchange started in 1792 and is located at the epitome of the US financial icon street called the Wall Street. It is undoubtedly one of the largest exchanges in the country. All the companies aspire to be listed here so there shares can be traded on this exchange but before a company can be listed here they have to complete certain set of criteria in terms of financial strength as well as the industry they operate in.

As a beginner you may think that you can trade in the NYSE, you cannot, so you will either have to be a broker or a route your buy or sell order through a broker. Now if you want to be a broker on the NYSE, you will need to cough a million dollars to become a broker on NYSE or as they say buy seat at the NYSE. These brokers can then take your orders regarding selling or buying a stock.

Similar to NYSE is American stock exchange which is again in the financial district of the country called New York. The American exchange has stocks for trading but also has options for trading. The AMEX can trade smaller companies than traded in NYSE and hence it is attractive to a lot of companies.

NASDAQ is the baby of them all though not in terms of the sheer size of companies listed on it and the full form of NASDAQ is National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. It began in 1971 and has almost any company you could think of listed there. Historically though it was known for technology companies like Microsoft and Intel and a lot of new technology start ups like to list here. This exchange does not have a physical building and it works a computer network where buyers and sellers meet through computer software and sell or buy stocks.

If you are international investor there are stock exchanges apart from America in other countries which you will keep hearing like the Bombay Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange or Hang Seng, Luxembourg stock Exchange or even the FTSE.

Make sure you enough about the exchange you want to trade on as that can help you decide the initial amounts for investing and the ease of investing.

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Stock Exchanges - New York, London, Toronto, NASDAQ And Others

Located around the world, exchanges are organizations or corporations that provide a physical space for the exchanges or selling of stocks, bonds, securities and other events that involve capital. While most exchanges continue to have a physical location, more and more electronic exchanges are becoming popular due the speed of the transactions and the worldwide accessibility.

Currently some of the biggest exchanges are:

Toronto Stock Exchange

* Canada's largest stock market exchange located in Toronto, Ontario.

* Founded in 1861, the TSE was incorporated in 1878 by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

* In 1999 Barbara G. Stymiest became the first female President of an exchange in North America.

NASDAQ

* National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations is an electronic exchange which began trading on February 8, 1971

* It was the world's first electronic stock market when it first started trading and currently is the largest electronic stock market in the U.S.

* NASDAQ lists over 3,200 companies and averages more share trades per day than any other stock market in the world.

* NASDAQ is one of the key markets that analysts use to gauge the value of stocks and shares throughout the world.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

* Located on Broad Street in New York City this exchange is the second largest in the world.

* NYSE is nicknamed the Big Board, and lists 2,800 companies valued at nearly $20 trillion dollars.

* NYSE merged with Archipelago Holdings in April of 2005 to incorporate the electronic exchange.

Frankfurt Stock Exchange

* Located in Frankfurt, Germany, this stock exchange is the largest in Germany handling over ninety percent of all trading in German shares.

* This exchange offers both on the floor trading and electronic trading on the Xetra system.

London Stock Exchange (LSE)

* Founded in 1801 in London, England, this exchange is one of the largest in the world.

* The LSE was originally located on Old Broad Street and was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1972. In 2004 the LSE moved to Paternoster Square near St. Paul's Cathedral. It was again opened by Queen Elizabeth II.

* The London Stock Exchange has a long history of standards and procedures that are largely the same today as they were when the stock exchange was first founded.

* A commissioned sculpture called "The Source" and done by Greyworld is the central focus of the exchange.

Shanghai Stock Exchange

* Founded on November 26, 1990 it opened its doors for trading on December 19, 1990. Located in Shanghai, the financial and trade center of China, this stock exchange has grown rapidly since its opening.

* This exchange has been aggressive in its trading and listing with both Asian and foreign companies.

* As December 2004 the Shanghai Stock Exchange listed 881 companies and had a market cap of $325 billion dollars US.

Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

* This exchange, located in Mumbai India, is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. It was formed in 1875 by a group of 22 stockbrokers.

* As of 2005 it was one of the five largest exchanges in the world, handling over 3,500 companies.

* The combined market capitalization of the Bombay Stock Exchange is $125 billion dollars US.

* The Bombay Exchange still follows the traditional and trading rules established by the original founders.

Tokyo Stock Exchange

* This Exchange is the second largest in the world. It was founded in Tokyo, Japan on May 15, 1878. The TSE opened its doors for trading on June 1, 1878.

* During World War II the TSE was shut down and then reopened on May 16, 1949.

* On November 1, 2005 the TSE was unable to operate due to glitches in the Fujitsu software program that was to help with high trading volumes.

* The main trading room of the TSE is now largely computerized.

Hong Kong Stock Exchange

* Ranked 9th in the world this exchange is located in Hong Kong, China.

* As of September 2005 the Hong Kong Exchange was the second largest stock market exchange in Asia.

* The Hong Kong stock market exchange is unique in that it is listed as a company on its own exchange as Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited.

* It was founded on March 6, 2000 by a merging of three main constituent companies.

SWX Swiss Exchange

* The tenth ranked stock market exchange in the world the SWX Swiss exchange is regulated by Swiss law and prescribes to the concept of self-regulation. They pride themselves on their high standards in meeting international regulations.

* The SWX is located in Zurich, Switzerland, but also has offices in London and Geneva.

* The current SWX was formed in 2002 after restructuring.

* In addition to being Switzerland's national stock market exchange the SWX also develops market interests in other European countries.

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Stock Exchanges and History of Stock Exchanges

Stock exchanges allow individuals and business's with a place to trade marketable securities to one another. The primary place where companies or governments issue or redeem securities is on exchanges. To understand the need for exchanges we must first go back in time, very far back in time to be exact to see the first example of a stock exchange. One of the first recorded exchanges was founded in the 12th century to help banks manage and deal with the debts of communities that were economically based in agriculture. This trading idea quickly spread all over Europe. One of the next places that we see history of exchanges is in Venice with bankers during the 13th century trading government securities. Other communities such as Pisa, Verona, Genoa and Florence also began trading securities, mostly government as well. During this same time period we see Bruges, in Belgium explode onto the map. While many speculate the Bruges was possibly the first exchange in the world, one thing no one doubts is how it quickly became the power house of the area. The initial start came as commodity traders gathered inside the house of a individual named Van der Burse. Their idea also spread to places like Ghent and Amsterdam.

The first joint stock company to ever be started was done so by the Dutch. Joint stock companies were a novel idea for the time, they allowed shareholders or owners of the company to invest in a business venture. The difference was that the owners or shareholders of the company would be paid a share of the profits or even losses the venture produced. This was the first time in history that business ventures could be taken on without putting any one single investor at too large a financial risk while ensuring a very profitable opportunity as well. The first ever company that formed as a joint stock company was the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch East India Company in 1602 issued its first shares, which happened to be the first ever IPO in the world, issuing stock and even selling bonds to investors. The sale of shares took place on the Amsterdam stock exchange.

Many decades later, 1688 to be exact, the London Stock Exchange was born. The trade in shares in London (London Stock Exchange) began with the need to finance two voyages: The Muscovy Company's attempt to reach China via the White Sea north of Russia, and the East India Company voyage to India and the east. The trading in the stocks of the second company began in 1688. Unable to finance these expensive journeys privately, the companies raised the money by selling shares to merchants, giving them a right to a portion of any profits eventually made. The idea soon caught. It is estimated that by 1695, there were 140 joint-stock companies. The trade in shares was centered around the City's Change Alley in two coffee shops: Garraway's and Jonathan's. The origins of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange go back to the 9th century and a free letter by Emperor Louis the German to hold free trade fairs. By the 16th century Frankfurt developed into a wealthy and busy city with an economy based on trade and financial services. In 1585 a bourse was established to set up fixed currency exchange rates. During the following centuries Frankfurt developed into one of the world's first exchanges. Bankers like Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Max Warburg had substantial influence on Frankfurt's financial trade. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange is considered the oldest in the world. It was established in 1602 by the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or "VOC") for dealings in its printed stocks and bonds. It was subsequently renamed the Amsterdam Bourse and was the first to formally begin trading in securities.

Over in America it took nearly another century for our first official stock exchange. The first exchange in America was created on the literal street corner of 68 Wall Street in New York City. They called the agreement the Buttonwood Agreement since it was signed by twenty-four brokers under a buttonwood tree. After a few centuries the property was renamed, it now was to be called the New York Stock and Exchange Board. Its kind of funny to look back and think about how cheap it was to rent space especially for something like a stock exchange. The New York Stock and Exchange Board rented a place at 40 Wall Street in 1817 for only $200 a month. This location served them well for almost 20 years but was destroyed in New York's Great Fire in 1835. Finally, about thirty years later, during the Civil War, the name was changed once again, to what we now know it is, the New York Stock Exchange. Back in those days there was no internet or radio or television so most people got their information from either word of mouth, newspapers or short pamphlets. One such pamphlet was the Customer's Afternoon letter which was only a daily two-page financial news bulletin produced by Charles Dow. The idea for this type of bulletin or news service was what would later allow companies like the Wall Street Journal to thrive since there had been a steady demand for that type of information. Since 1884 this letter included a stock average called the Dow Jones Averages. This small list contained nine railroad companies and two industrial companies.. You may recognize that last name of Dow, since it is the same name as a stock index, The Dow Jones Industrial Average. When it did make its transition in 1896 to the Dow Jones IndustrialAverage it included 12 stocks from America's leading industries and was what we call today a dollar average of them.

Many years later, with the computer revolution just starting, the world needed an electronic stock exchange. In 1971, we got just that, the National Association of Securities Dealers or for short NASDAQ. This was at first just a bulletin board for buyers and sellers to see posted prices but did not allow actual orders to take place through computers yet. With prices viewable on a screen to everyone, the spread or difference in the bid price and ask price of a stock traded on an exchange fell significantly. Even though the NASDAQ is a computer based trading system it wasn't until the year 1987, that computers were finally utilized to process trades. Up until the 1987 stock market crash, all orders were made via the phone, where brokers called each other. What was found after the crash was that when brokers tried to call other brokers to sell or buy stock, they didn't answer, meaning there was no liquidity or activity. This was obviously a problem so to solve that they created the Small Order Execution System (SOES) to allow brokers to trade with market makers who would always honor trades made and not try to hide when the markets turned south. Another American commodity, derivative and futures exchange is the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). In the year 1898 the exchange was officially founded, but the name was the Chicago Butter and Egg Board and it was also a not for profit organization as well. Today on the CME many financial instruments are traded like, interest rates, equities, currencies, commodities, weather, real estate derivatives, options and finally futures. An interesting note, the CME is the largest options and futures market in the whole world.

The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), established in 1848, is the world's oldest futures and options exchange. More than 50 different options and futures contracts are traded by over 3,600 CBOT members through open outcry and e-Trading systems. The concerns of U.S. merchants to ensure that there were buyers and sellers for commodities have resulted in forward contracts to sell and buy commodities. Still, credit risk remained a serious problem. The CBOT took shape to provide a centralized location, where buyers and sellers can meet to negotiate and formalize forward contracts. In 1864, the CBOT listed the first ever standardized "exchange traded" forward contracts, which were called futures contracts. In 1919, the Chicago Butter and Egg Board, a spin-off of the CBOT, was reorganized to enable member traders to allow future trading, and its name was changed to Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). The Chicago Board of Trade established the Chicago Board Options Exchange in 1973. The first exchange to list standardized, exchange-traded stock options began its first day of trading on April 26, 1973, in a celebration of the 125th birthday of the Chicago Board of Trade. CBOE's options contracts are cleared by the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). As of approximately April 11, 2007, the Wall Street Journal estimates that globally the market capitalization of the derivatives markets (futures, options, swaps, etc.) exceeds 450 trillion dollars (while US stock exchanges have approximately 30 trillion and the rest of the worlds exchanges total to about another 20 trillion, to a total of about 50 trillion--while the global fixed income markets total to roughly 65 trillion). The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) is the world's largest physical commodity futures exchange, located in New York City. Its two principal divisions are the New York Mercantile Exchange and Commodity Exchange, Inc (COMEX) The New York Mercantile Exchange handles billions of dollars worth of energy products, metals, and other commodities being bought and sold on the trading floor and the overnight electronic trading computer systems. The prices quoted for transactions on the exchange are the basis for prices that people pay for various commodities throughout the world. In 1872, a group of Manhattan dairy merchants got together and created the Butter and Cheese Exchange of New York. Soon, egg trade became part of the business conducted on the exchange and the name was modified to the Butter, Cheese, and Egg Exchange. In 1882, the name finally changed to the New York Mercantile Exchange when opening trade to dried fruits, canned goods, and poultry.

The AMEX started out in 1842 as such a market at the curbstone on Broad Street near Exchange Place. The curb brokers gathered around the lamp posts and mail boxes, resisting wind and weather, putting up lists of stocks for sale. As trading activity increased so did the volume of the transactions; the shouting reached such a high level that stock hand signals had to be introduced so that the brokers could continue trading over the din. In 1921 the market was moved indoors into the building at 86 Trinity Place, Manhattan, where it still resides. The hand signals remained in place for decades even after the move, as a convenient means of communication. AMEX's core business has shifted over the years from stocks to options and Exchange-traded funds, although it continues to trade small to mid-size stocks.

David Escobar
eskylessons@gmail.com
http://www.eskylessons.blogspot.com

Indian Stock Exchanges - Basics For Beginners

In 18th century, East India company established Stock exchange in India. In 1860, exchanges had 60 brokers and it was going very well, in 1874 with the rapidly developing share trading business, brokers used to gather at a street (now well-known as "Dalal Street") for transacting businesses. In 1946 India had only seven exchanges and in 1995 constricted to 22 exchanges.

Stock Exchanges are organized marketplaces, either corporation or mutual organization, where members of the organization gather to trade company stocks and other securities. Indian stock market have 23 exchanges, in which two stock exchanges are most powerful, they are BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and NSE (National Stock Exchange).

BSE, Bombay stock exchange established in 1875, and have listed 4700 companies. BSE is the oldest exchange in all over Asia, other name of BSE is BSE-30. BSE index is managed by Top 30 companies and most of Indian investors and foreign investors are investing their money in BSE. All the activities are performing by BSE under the SEBI rules and regulation. The values of all BSE Indices are updated on real time basis during market hours and displayed through the BOLT system, BSE website and news wire agencies and all BSE Indices are reviewed by the BSE Index Committee. The timimg of trading in BSE is from 9 am to 3:30 pm and we can trade only Monday to Friday.

NSE, National Stock Exchange established in 1992 and it have 1587 numbers of listing. NSE consists as main indexes like S&P CNX NIFTY, CNX NIFTY JUNIOR, S&P CNX 500. It is the largest exchange in India in terms of daily trades and turnover and expected biggest exchanges in India in terms of market capitalization. NSE is set of leading financial institution, insurances companies, banks and other financial organizations but, all rules and regulation followed are handled by NSE committee. NSE is the third largest Stock Exchange in the world in terms of the number of equities and trades, It's the second fastest growing stock in the world with a recorded growth of 16.6%. NSE consist five major market these are Future & Option market, Equity, Retail & Debt, Wholesale Debt, Currency Future market. The timimg of trading in NSE is from 9 am to 3:30 pm and we can trade only monday to friday

Apart from that some other exchanges are also existing in Indian stock market has known as regional exchanges named as Madras, Delhi, Jaipur etc. In India there are some other exchanges also, which are totally different with these stock exchanges known as MCX exchange, NCDEX exchange.

If anyone wants to invest or trade in Indian stock market, then he must have a demat account in relative bank, after having a demat account anyone can trade in stock market. You can trade or invest in stock market under the rules & regulation declared by SEBI. You can trade with any of the broking firms which are listed in exchanges and get free stock tips from different advisory firms running in the market.

PREM SHARMA
E Marketing Executive
Capitalvia Global Research Limited
You can make a call at 0731-6680000 or Login on http://www.capitalvia.com.

Navigating The Stock Exchange

Nothing can seem quite so intimidating as the stock exchange; a hotbed of wealth and commerce all converging in one place; fortunes won and lost; businesses built; and the economic viability of a nation awaiting the results.

The stock exchange can mean a variety of things for a variety of people. To understand the stock exchange you must understand its role in today's economy.

To begin with, the stock exchange offers corporations the opportunity to fund their operations and grow their business. The money made from investors who believe in the products and services offered by the business is used to finance growth; profits are passed onto the stock holders in the form of increased stock prices which they can use to realize a profit upon the sale of the stock. This opportunity - to be traded on the public stock market - is only offered to businesses of a certain size. It can mean the difference between viability and failure for a business.

Of course, the bigger picture of all this buying, selling, and growth of corporations is the impact it has on the greater economy. A strong economy is dependent upon a viable and thriving stock exchange and the same can be said for the other way around.

It can be enormously exciting to be involved in a process of this magnitude; to witness first-hand a nation's financial axis. The stock exchange does not have to be a place of intimidation; rather it should be what it was intended to be - a place of opportunity.

To learn all you need to know about the stock exchange, go online. You'll find tremendous resources at your disposal that will explain the complexities of the stock exchange while laying the groundwork for your possible participation.

If you decide to become a part of trading on the stock exchange you can either begin with online trading - a safe and minimally risky venture for novices - or see a professional stock broker who can guide you through the stock exchange with ease.

Either way, the stock exchange offers a bevy of opportunities for those looking to do something else with their money than having it sit in a bank account. Explore all your options and you're sure to find that you'll be comfortable in no time.

For easy to understand, in depth information about stocks visit our ezGuide 2 Stocks.

Stock Market and Stock Exchange Basics - More Info To Help To Help You Master Stock Trading

'Stock Market' as it is used in general conversation has taken on the meaning of both the business being conducted in investment markets and the physical place where most of the transactions are taking place. We can speak in broad terms about the Market being up or down and mean the general performance of many individual stock exchanges in the country, such as NYSE or Nasdaq in the United States. To use more specific language for where stocks are actually traded, the term 'Stock Exchange' is used.

Each company will generally trade its stock on one Exchange, unless the company is very large and, for example, trade in multiple countries. Each country may have several Exchanges where different companies are listed. As long as operating hours are obeyed, people around the world can trade in any country's Exchanges. Trading times are similar to, but slightly shorter than, a regular business day. Exchanges in New York are open from 9:30am to 4:00pm Eastern Time and other exchanges have similar trading hours in their local time zones. Japan, India, England, Germany, Switzerland, China, and the United States host the major world Stock Exchanges. Notable among these big players are the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Shanghai Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq, the NYSE, the AMEX, the London Stock Exchange, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, and the Bombay Stock Exchange.

Stock markets can be used as a barometer for economic health of a country. When production is high, unemployment is low, and inflation is low the market gains total value. This rise is a bull market. When stock prices start falling in a bear market, the economy is generally on a downturn. High inflation and high unemployment are usually seen at this time.

Changes in stock prices aren't entirely dictated by the health of the economy. A large part has to do with investor psychology and how it relates to changes in supply and demand. When one stock becomes a hot commodity, other investors try to join in and the price is driven ever higher. Conversely, if a number of people start to sell a stock and the price drops, others will try to sell before it drops more. This push to sell just drives down the price faster though. These psychologically driven market changes tend to be short lived and balance out in the long run. It is the economic health over time that is reflected in the long-term trends of the market.

Stocks are not the only place to invest though. Other major investment markets include Foreign Currency Exchange, Futures, and Options markets. Globally, the largest single segment of the investment sector is in Foreign Currency Exchange. Currency traders move very large sums of money between different currencies very quickly to take advantage of small fluctuations in the exchange rate. These trades usually are only owned for a day and are only profitable if the trader is very attentive to factors influencing the day's rates.

Futures Markets are designed to give buyers and sellers in volatile markets fixed prices at set times. The price for a quantity of goods is fixed in the contract, as is the time of the delivery. When the market then fluctuates, the locked in price for the contracted good means that the value of the contract itself changes. Traders in Futures are less interested in the price obtained in the contract for the goods, but are interested in the value of having that price fixed against the changing actual price of the goods.

The Options Market also deals with contracts for future prices. The difference from the Futures market is that Options allow the owner to buy at a specified price before the date given, but does not force the owner to buy that item. The Options themselves may be bought and sold, or used on a higher-risk investment as insurance. These investment tools have a high risk of loss. It requires a specialized knowledge of the option itself as well as the market it is trading in to make a profit. Most traders also benefit from having experience in a market. Stocks require less specialized knowledge to invest in with relative safety because the market as a whole changes more gradually than options on the market change. Stock traders can invest in certain ways intended to change the value of holdings very quickly, but the majority of investors put their long-term investments into stocks.

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American Stock Exchange

The American Stock Exchange (AMEX) is situated in New York. Initially it was owned by members as a mutual organization. Its former name, until 1929, was New York Curb Exchange. It was acquired by NYSE Eurotext on January 17, 2008. The acquisition process was completed on October 1, 2008. After the rename, the exchange is now known as NYSE Alernext U. S.

The Exchange had the 'fictional' beginning. Its history goes back to the colonial times. The stock brokers created the spontaneous outdoor markets in the New York City for the purpose of trading the new government-issued securities. AMEX began is activities in 1842 at the curbstone on Broad Street near Exchange Place. So crude was the arrangement, the brokers gathered near lamp posts and mail boxes and put up lists of stocks for sale, in extreme weather conditions. The activity increased and so also the din created by the dealers. An indigenous method of stock hand signals were introduced, a system normally understood only by the traders. In 1921, the market moved to indoor premises at 86 Trinity Place, Manhattan. The hand signals continued to be the accepted means of communication. The building was declared as a National Historic Landmark in 1978.

In the 1990s, allegations of trading scandals rocked the exchange. The Business Week highlighted the issue in 1999. AMEX merged with NASDAQ (the National Association of Securities Dealers) and a new company, "The Nasdaq-Amex Market Group" came into existence. AMEX continued to maintain its independent character with NASD as the parent company. Business tension gripped the members of the two companies and AMEX acquired control over NASD in 2004.

AMEX pursues the most liberal policies as for company listing, out of the three major American Stock Exchanges. Most of the listed companies are smaller as compared to NYSE and NASDAQ. Trading in ETFs is its specialty. The hybrid/structured securities also dominate in its trading pattern. The introduction of the internet has influenced the operations at the AMEX profoundly. It produces the all-important stock market indices. The important among these are the stocks of internet companies, styled Inte@ctive Week Internet Index. The process of modernization and addition to the statistical information continues unabated, and of late, the AMEX has developed a special set of indices known as Inellidexes, which try to gain alpha by creating indices taking into account the fundamental factors. Thus, the AMEX Composite is a value-weighed index of the total stocks listed in the exchange.

The acts of terrorism of September 11 had the telling effects on the operations of AMEX as well. The operations shifted on ad-hoc basis to the Philadelphia Stock exchange. The normal trading session begins at 9.30 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. on all days of the weeks except Saturdays and Sundays.

To add another feather to its cap in the process of innovation in providing the statistical information, the NSADAQ OMX Group Inc. launched a new service that provides free the real-time market data to millions of individual investors. With "NASDAQ Last Sale," it becomes the first US Stock exchange to provide such a facility. So, the investors have the authentic information about the last quoted price of thousands of listed shares.

Formerly, the investors had to pay for such services, now they get it free. Before, consumers got this information with access to brokerage accounts or by payment of subscription fees. Now, the entire scenario is changed. Investor wins again. The investors are able to take correct decisions with the help of latest and instant information available to them. They are able to judge the market better.

The NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. is the world's largest exchange company. It delivers trading, exchange technology and public company services across six continents, and with over 3,900 companies, it is number one in worldwide listings among major markets.

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History of the United States and Chinese Stock Exchanges

The American and Chinese stock exchanges have a rich history. Both have had a phenomenal history with both having great ups and very bad downs.

The New York Stock Exchange or NYSE was formed on May 17, 1792. 24 stock brokers signed an agreement called the Buttonwood Agreement under of course but what else, a buttonwood tree. This was the start of the New York Stock & Exchange Board in its infancy. By March 8, 1817 the name became official and later in 1863 to what we all know now as the New York Stock Exchange. The NYSE location started off in a small room rented for $200 a month in 1817 located at 40 Wall Street. From then on it grew and grew out growing that little room in to the building that we know today.

The first share traded at the Shanghai Stock Exchange was in 1866. In 1891 during the mining shares boom, foreign businessmen founded the "Shanghai Sharebrokers Association" headquartered in Shanghai as China's first official stock exchange. In 1904, the association applied for application in Hong Kong under the provision of the Companies ordinance and was renamed as "Shanghai Stock Exchange" which we know of by that same name today.

By the 1930's, the Shanghai Stock Exchange has become the financial center for the far east, with people from China and from other countries could trade stocks, government bonds, debentures, and futures. The Stock Exchange was halted for a number of years between December 8, 1941 and sometime in 1946 when invading Japanese forces occupied the Shanghai International Settlement. By 1949 the Shanghai Stock Exchange was closed due to the rise of Communism.

In 1978 after the cultural revolution, Deng Xiaoping re-opened China to the world. By 1990 the Shanghai Stock Exchange was back in action after it was suspended of operation since 1949.

Each stock exchange has endured many hardships over the years. On October 24, 1929, The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Crash of '29 and Black Thursday, was one of the most devastating stock market crashes in American history. Share prices on the NYSE collapsed. Stock prices fell on that day and they continued to fall, at an unprecedented rate, for a full month. This caused the whole country to nearly melt down. This financial rift was felt all over the world, even in the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

As mentioned before, The Shanghai Stock Exchange endured two major blows; one being the Japanese occupation in 1946 and the suspension of operations for over 40 years in 1950.

Both of these Stock Exchanges went through years of what experts would probably call tough life but as of the present they are both flourishing. On July 19th, 2007, Dow Jones Industrial Average at the NYSE, closed above 14,000 for the first time in its history. In 2007 "a stock market frenzy" as speculative traders rush into the market, making China's stock exchange temporarily the world's second largest in terms of turnover.

This article was written for our friends at Wall Street Ren to show the bridge between the US and Chinese stock exchanges. Article written and distributed by Steve Cancel, IT Manager of Michigan Computer Repair